Source: cleanenergynews.ihsmarkit.com
India intends to quintuple the size of a subsidy scheme for domestic solar photovoltaic (PV) module makers, pushing forward with the country's Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India) strategy for decarbonizing its economy.
To help counter climate change, the world's third largest GHG emitter is aiming to have 500 GW of renewable energy capacity installed by 2030—including at least 280 GW of solar—before reaching aniq{0}}nol emissiya by 2070.
"This decarbonization strategy opens up huge employment opportunities and will take the country on a sustainable development path," Indian Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman told the country's parliament in yillik byudjet nutqi 1 February.
2022 yil apreldan 2023 yil martgacha bo'lgan byudjetda Nyu-Dehli mahalliy PV modullarini ishlab chiqarishni rivojlantirish uchun ishlab chiqarishni rag'batlantirish (PLI) dasturiga qo'shimcha 19,500 crore (2,61 milliard) rupiy ajratadi, dedi Sitharaman.
Oxirgi yillik byudjetda 4500 crore (600 million) rupiydan boshlangan PLI tanlangan modul zavodlariga ularning savdosi, mahsulot sifati va mahalliy tarkibiga qarab subsidiyalar taklif qiladi.
IHS Markit estimates 80 percent -90 percent of India's solar components are imported, with China the main supplier. Government figures show India currently has annual production capacity of just 2.5 GW for PV cells and 9-10 GW for modules.
But the initial PLI budget will help drive the expansion of India-based manufacturers, according to the National Investment Promotion Facilitation Agency (NIPFA), and India's capacity of integrated module plants that can convert wafer-ingots to modules is expected to 10 GVt ga etadi by the end of March 2023.
The government agency expects India's annual module manufacturing capacity to expand by 30-35 GW between 2021 and 2025, in part driven by strong demand and policy incentives.
New Delhi is hoping to generate employment opportunities and attract foreign investment as a result of expanding the PV manufacturing sector, said Amit Manohar, NIPFA da investitsion mutaxassis.
"After a decade of innovation and cost reductions, the solar energy sector has evolved to a major source of energy, and it could potentially serve 30 percent or more of India's electricity demand by 2030," Manohar said.
Atmanirbhar Bharat strategiyasi
Since 2020, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been promoting the Atmanirbhar Bharat strategy in several sectors—including renewables—to boost domestic manufacturing capacity in a post-COVID recovery.
2021-yil apreldan 2022-yil martgacha boʻlgan byudjetda Nyu-Dehli Hindistonning Quyosh energiyasi korporatsiyasiga 1,{3}} rupiy (133 million) va Hindistonning qayta tiklanadigan energiyani rivojlantirish agentligiga 1,500 million rupiy (200 million) kiritdi. Tashkilotlar markaziy hukumat tomonidan{8}}homiylik qilinadigan turli rag'batlantirish dasturlarini amalga oshirish uchun javobgardir.
2021-yilning aprel oyidan boshlab faqat -Hindistonda tasdiqlangan modul ishlab chiqaruvchilar roʻyxatiga kiruvchi kompaniyalarga markaziy hukumat homiyligidagi quyosh energiyasi boʻyicha tenderlarda ishtirok etishga ruxsat berildi.
Shuningdek, hukumat joriy yilning aprel oyidan boshlab import qilinadigan quyosh modullari uchun 40 foiz va hujayralarga 25 foizlik bazaviy bojxona bojini joriy qilishni rejalashtirmoqda.
Kashish Shah, an analyst at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, suggested the policy initiatives' effects are likely to be compounded by ta'minot zanjiri muammolari in the global PV industry. "Module manufacturing in India has never been more viable," dedi Shoh last December.
Kuchli siyosat signallari bilan ba'zi yirik hind korxonalari quyosh energiyasiga katta e'tibor qaratadigan qayta tiklanadigan yirik investitsiya dasturlarini e'lon qilishdi.
2030 yilga kelib 100 GVt quyosh quvvatini qurish maqsadini qo'ygan Reliance Industries o'tgan yili REC Groupni 771 millionga sotib olgandan so'ng Jamnagarda integratsiyalashgan PV panel zavodini ishga tushirishini aytdi. Zavodning dastlabki quvvati yiliga 4 GVt bo'lishi kutilmoqda, keyin esa 10 GVtgacha ko'tariladi.
In January, Reliance, India's largest publicly traded company by market capitalization, announced qayta tiklanadigan investitsiya tashabbuslari totaling Rs 595,500 crore (80 billion), and a substantial proportion of the money will be used to develop manufacturing facilities for PV modules, electrolyzers, batteries, fuel cells, as well as hydrogen and low-carbon energy projects in Gujarat over the next 10-15 years.
Rival conglomerate Adani guruhi plans to invest 50 billion to 70 billion in decarbonization projects in the next decade, including 20 billion in renewable energy generation. It aims to have a solar manufacturing capacity of 2 GW per annum by the end of March 2023.
While the government's policies are prompting more investment in domestic manufacturing, IHS Markit Renewable Analyst Ankita Chauhan warned of short-term disruptions to solar installations in the country.
"Current domestic manufacturing is not sufficient to meet the domestic demand, and it may take another three to five years to build it up," said Chauhan, adding that the policies favoring Indian manufacturers will push up overall costs, and restrict vendor choices for procurement and project timelines.
Menga pulni ko'rsat
Oxirgi yillik byudjetda Hindiston hukumati, shuningdek, qayta ishlashni yaxshilash, agrooʻrmon xoʻjaligini rivojlantirish, zaryadlash tarmoqlari yaroqsiz boʻlgan joylarda elektr transport vositalari uchun akkumulyatorlarni almashtirish siyosatini qabul qilish va issiqlik elektr stansiyalarida ishlatiladigan koʻmirning 5-7 foizini koʻmirga almashtirishni aytdi. biomassa granulalari, boshqa dekarbonizatsiya choralari qatorida.
Sitharaman said India will issue sovereign green bonds in the coming fiscal year to fund "green infrastructure" in the public sector, without elaborating.
Official data showed India had 150.5 GW of renewable capacity installed in November when large hydropower projects were taken into account. This means annual capacity additions of 40-50 GW will be required to meet the government's 500 GW target by 2030.
"On a very conservative capital funding calculation the investment required for achieving the target is approximately 210 billion," said Manohar, adding that both public and private stakeholders need to contribute.
O'tgan oy e'lon qilingan eslatmada IHS Markit tahlilchilari Hindistonga 2030 yil maqsadiga erishish uchun har yili 28 milliarddan ko'proq sarmoya kerak bo'lishini taxmin qilishdi, so'nggi besh yil ichida o'rtacha 7 milliard sarflangan.
"Project developers are tapping international capital markets to access low-cost financing, but the government needs to improve regulatory transparency, introduce a uniform green taxonomy, and provide targeted interventions to improve access to low-cost international capital," the note said.
AQShdagi Lourens Berkli milliy laboratoriyasi tadqiqotchilari past{0}}uglerod ishlab chiqarish quvvatiga pul sarflashdan tashqari, hindistonlik manfaatdor tomonlar tarmoq barqarorligini taʼminlash uchun 63 GVt quvvatga ega akkumulyatorga 40 milliard sarmoya kiritishi kerakligini aytishdi.
Still, they believe renewable expansion will be the cheapest overall option in meeting India's rising electricity demand.
"Dramatic cost reductions over the last decade for wind, solar, and battery storage technologies position India to leapfrog to a more flexible, robust, and sustainable power system for delivering affordable and reliable power to serve demand that will nearly double by 2030," they said in o'rganish published last December.
